TET Child Development and Pedagogy quick revision notes and 100 ready MCQs for preparation

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Child Development and Pedagogy

 TET Revision Quick Chart

Growth & Development (Ages 11–14)

• Piaget → Formal Operational Stage → Abstract, hypothetical reasoning.

• Erikson → Identity vs. Role Confusion (self-identity crisis).

• Kohlberg → Conventional Morality (approval, rules, social order).

• Key Features → Puberty, peer pressure, mood swings, identity search.

• Learning Tip → Guidance + Counselling, peer group activities, creativity encouraged.

 Educational Psychology & Learning Theories

• Thorndike → Trial & Error, Laws of Effect, Readiness, Exercise.

• Pavlov → Classical Conditioning (Stimulus → Response).

• Skinner → Operant Conditioning (Reinforcement + Punishment).

• Bandura → Social Learning (Observation + Imitation, Modelling).

• Bruner → Discovery Learning, Spiral Curriculum.

• Vygotsky → Social Constructivism, ZPD, Scaffolding.

• Gestalt → Insight Learning (“whole is greater than sum of parts”).

• Maslow → Hierarchy of Needs → Self-Actualization on top.

• Gardner → Multiple Intelligences (Linguistic, Logical, Musical, Bodily, Spatial, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalistic).

 Inclusive Education, Assessment & Evaluation

• Inclusive Education → Equity, diversity, participation of all learners.

• IEP → Individualized Education Plan for differently-abled students.

• CCE → Continuous & Comprehensive Evaluation (Scholastic + Co-scholastic).

• Assessment Types:

o Formative → Assessment for learning (during teaching).

o Summative → Assessment of learning (end of instruction).

o Diagnostic → Identify learning difficulties.

o Alternative → Portfolios, projects, rubrics, observation.

• Learning Disabilities:

o Dyslexia → Reading/writing.

o Dysgraphia → Writing.

o Dyscalculia → Math.

o ADHD → Attention/concentration.

Constructivist Teaching

• Principle → Learners actively construct knowledge using prior experience.

• Teacher’s Role → Facilitator, guide, co-learner.

• Methods → Projects, inquiry-based learning, brainstorming, role play, collaborative learning.

• Knowledge → Not fixed, but constructed.

• Assessment → Continuous, process + product, reflective journals, portfolios.

• Key Contributors:

o Piaget (cognitive constructivism)

o Vygotsky (social constructivism)

o Bruner (discovery learning)

• Goal → Critical thinking, problem-solving, independent learning.

 Tip for TET MCQs:

• If the question mentions “peer, scaffolding, social support” → Vygotsky.

• If it says “reward, reinforcement, punishment” → Skinner/Thorndike.

• If it says “abstract, formal reasoning” → Piaget (Formal Stage).

• If it’s about “identity crisis” → Erikson.

• If it’s about “CCE, inclusive, diversity” → Inclusive Education.

• If it’s about “discovery, projects, problem-solving” → Constructivism/Bruner.

MCQs

1. Growth & Development (ages 11–14)

2. Educational Psychology & Learning Theories

3. Inclusive Education, Assessment & Evaluation

4. Constructivist Teaching

100 Important MCQs for TET Exam

Part A: Growth and Development in Upper Primary (11–14 years) – 25 MCQs

1. At the age of 11–14, children are in which stage of Piaget’s cognitive development?

a) Pre-operational stage

b) Concrete operational stage

c) Formal operational stage

d) Sensorimotor stage

2. Rapid physical growth during 11–14 years is mainly associated with—

a) Emotional stability

b) Puberty changes

c) Cognitive decline

d) Language loss

3. Which of the following is a primary characteristic of adolescence?

a) Regression in skills

b) Identity formation

c) Decline in memory

d) Decrease in social interaction

4. Emotional changes in adolescence are usually—

a) Stable and calm

b) Intense and fluctuating

c) Absent and neutral

d) Irrelevant to learning

5. Peer group influence during 11–14 years is—

a) Minimal

b) Very strong

c) Negligible

d) Unimportant

6. Adolescents often face “role confusion” according to Erikson. The stage is—

a) Initiative vs. Guilt

b) Industry vs. Inferiority

c) Identity vs. Role Confusion

d) Autonomy vs. Shame

7. A teacher notices a student is self-conscious about appearance. This is a sign of—

a) Cognitive maturity

b) Physical development during puberty

c) Social withdrawal

d) Learning disability

8. Girls usually attain puberty—

a) Earlier than boys

b) Later than boys

c) At the same age as boys

d) Never

9. Cognitive development in adolescence allows—

a) Only concrete thinking

b) Simple memorization

c) Abstract and hypothetical thinking

d) No reasoning

10. Which factor most influences adolescent behavior?

a) Weather conditions

b) Hormonal changes

c) Diet alone

d) Genetic factors only

11. Height and weight changes are most rapid in—

a) Infancy

b) Adolescence

c) Middle childhood

d) Adulthood

12. The emotional tendency in adolescents is—

a) Balanced emotions

b) Mood swings

c) Indifference

d) Absence of feelings

13. Adolescents begin to form—

a) Simple friendships

b) Strong peer relationships

c) Only parental attachment

d) No relationships

14. Egocentrism in adolescence is seen as—

a) Lack of logic

b) Imaginary audience and personal fable

c) Lack of memory

d) Poor reasoning

15. Vocational interests usually develop in—

a) Infancy

b) Early childhood

c) Adolescence

d) Old age

16. Moral development at 11–14 years (Kohlberg) generally reaches—

a) Pre-conventional stage

b) Conventional stage

c) Post-conventional stage fully

d) No moral sense

17. Which is the most common problem in adolescence?

a) Lack of play

b) Lack of books

c) Identity crisis

d) Lack of food

18. Adolescents develop interest in—

a) Toys

b) Fairy tales

c) Opposite sex

d) Imitation games

19. A teacher should deal with adolescent problems by—

a) Punishment

b) Strict rules

c) Guidance and counseling

d) Ignoring them

20. Creativity in adolescence—

a) Declines

b) Remains constant

c) Increases with abstract thinking

d) Disappears

21. Voice change in boys is due to—

a) Enlargement of larynx

b) Nervous problem

c) Lack of vitamins

d) Emotional disturbance

22. Self-identity in adolescents is mainly influenced by—

a) Weather

b) Heredity alone

c) Peer and social interaction

d) School uniforms

23. Adolescents experience “generation gap” mainly with—

a) Teachers

b) Parents

c) Friends

d) Cousins

24. During 11–14 years, attention span becomes—

a) Very short

b) Longer and more focused

c) Absent

d) Decreasing

25. Daydreaming in adolescence is—

a) Always harmful

b) Sometimes normal and creative

c) Sign of illness

d) Waste of time

Part B: Educational Psychology and Learning Theories – 25 MCQs

26. According to Thorndike’s law of effect, learning is strengthened when—

a) Punishment follows

b) Response is followed by satisfaction

c) There is repetition without reward

d) Teacher insists

27. Classical conditioning theory was given by—

a) Skinner

b) Bandura

c) Pavlov

d) Piaget

28. “Learning through observation and imitation” is explained by—

a) Bruner

b) Bandura

c) Thorndike

d) Skinner

29. Which theory explains reinforcement?

a) Humanistic theory

b) Behaviorist theory

c) Gestalt theory

d) Cognitive theory

30. Piaget’s theory focuses on—

a) Conditioning

b) Stages of cognitive development

c) Rewards and punishments

d) Biological instincts

31. Scaffolding in learning was introduced by—

a) Piaget

b) Vygotsky

c) Skinner

d) Bruner

32. Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is associated with—

a) Piaget

b) Vygotsky

c) Pavlov

d) Skinner

33. Operant conditioning emphasizes—

a) Reinforcement and punishment

b) Free play

c) Self-exploration

d) Gestalt

34. According to Bruner, learning is—

a) Habit formation

b) A process of discovery

c) Trial and error

d) Passive absorption

35. Which learning law states that “practice strengthens learning”?

a) Law of effect

b) Law of exercise

c) Law of readiness

d) Law of similarity

36. Gestalt psychologists emphasized—

a) Parts of learning

b) Learning as a whole (insight learning)

c) Rote memorization

d) Stimulus-response links

37. Skinner box experiment was done with—

a) Dogs

b) Rats and pigeons

c) Monkeys

d) Children

38. Pavlov’s dog experiment demonstrated—

a) Operant conditioning

b) Classical conditioning

c) Observational learning

d) Discovery learning

39. Motivation is best described as—

a) A distraction

b) An internal force that drives behavior

c) An external punishment

d) A kind of memory

40. Which factor affects learning most?

a) Climate

b) Motivation and interest

c) Uniform

d) Furniture

41. Cognitive learning focuses on—

a) Reward and punishment

b) Understanding and meaning-making

c) Simple repetition

d) Rote memory

42. “Trial and error” learning was proposed by—

a) Thorndike

b) Bandura

c) Bruner

d) Freud

43. Reinforcement can be—

a) Only positive

b) Positive or negative

c) Only punishment

d) Only reward

44. According to Maslow, the highest human need is—

a) Safety

b) Love

c) Self-actualization

d) Esteem

45. “Schema” as a mental framework is introduced by—

a) Piaget

b) Pavlov

c) Bruner

d) Thorndike

46. Social constructivism is mainly associated with—

a) Skinner

b) Vygotsky

c) Bandura

d) Pavlov

47. Which theory emphasizes active learner involvement?

a) Behaviorism

b) Constructivism

c) Classical conditioning

d) Law of effect

48. The main contribution of Bandura’s theory is—

a) Trial and error

b) Modeling and imitation

c) Reinforcement schedules

d) Punishment

49. Teacher praise is an example of—

a) Positive reinforcement

b) Negative reinforcement

c) Punishment

d) Extinction

50. Intelligence, according to Gardner, is—

a) One dimensional

b) Multiple intelligences

c) Only linguistic

d) Only logical

Part C: Inclusive Education, Assessment, and Evaluation – 25 MCQs

51. Inclusive education means—

a) Teaching only bright students

b) Teaching students separately

c) Teaching all learners together without discrimination

d) Teaching only disabled children

52. The main principle of inclusive education is—

a) Competition

b) Equity and diversity

c) Segregation

d) Elitism

53. Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) emphasizes—

a) Both scholastic and co-scholastic aspects

b) Only exams

c) Only homework

d) Only academic marks

54. Formative assessment is—

a) Assessment for learning

b) Assessment of learning

c) Final evaluation

d) Grading

55. Summative assessment is done—

a) During learning process

b) At the end of instruction

c) Only for weak students

d) Only for teachers

56. A child with dyslexia has difficulty in—

a) Speaking

b) Reading and writing

c) Hearing

d) Walking

57. Which of the following best supports inclusive classrooms?

a) Strict uniformity

b) Differentiated instruction

c) Competitive exams

d) Fixed seating arrangement

58. Assessment that improves learning is—

a) Summative

b) Formative

c) Final test

d) External

59. A good evaluation system should be—

a) Only memory-based

b) Comprehensive and continuous

c) Narrow

d) Based on punishment

60. The “No Child Left Behind” principle relates to—

a) Special schools

b) Inclusive education

c) Segregated classes

d) Advanced learners only

61. A child with ADHD mainly faces difficulty in—

a) Vision

b) Hearing

c) Attention and concentration

d) Walking

62. Which assessment helps in diagnosing learning difficulties?

a) Summative assessment

b) Diagnostic assessment

c) Ranking test

d) Final exam

63. IEP in inclusive education stands for—

a) Integrated Education Program

b) Individualized Education Plan

c) Inclusive Exam Policy

d) International Education Project

64. Which tool is best for evaluating affective domain?

a) Written test

b) Attitude scale

c) Oral test

d) Dictation

65. In inclusive classrooms, teachers should—

a) Avoid diversity

b) Focus only on syllabus

c) Accept and respect differences

d) Ignore slow learners

66. The purpose of evaluation is—

a) To fail weak students

b) To improve learning and teaching

c) To punish

d) To memorize facts

67. Which of the following is NOT an evaluation technique?

a) Observation

b) Projects

c) Ignoring performance

d) Assignments

68. Specially abled children should be taught—

a) In isolation

b) In separate schools only

c) Alongside peers with necessary support

d) By ignoring them

69. Which of the following is a barrier to inclusion?

a) Trained teachers

b) Negative attitudes

c) Peer support

d) Use of aids

70. Continuous assessment helps—

a) Track progress regularly

b) Ignore learner growth

c) Reduce feedback

d) Focus only on exams

71. Alternative assessment includes—

a) Only exams

b) Multiple choice

c) Portfolios and projects

d) Oral test only

72. Teacher-made tests are—

a) Informal and flexible

b) Standardized only

c) Not useful

d) Always summative

73. Standardized tests are mainly used for—

a) Comparison across groups

b) Daily feedback

c) Homework checking

d) Creativity

74. Rubrics are tools for—

a) Dictation

b) Transparent scoring

c) Punishment

d) Memory test

75. Inclusive pedagogy mainly promotes—

a) Segregation

b) Participation of all learners

c) Competition

d) Uniformity

Part D: Constructivist Teaching – 25 MCQs

76. Constructivist teaching emphasizes—

a) Rote memorization

b) Active participation of learners

c) Mechanical drills

d) Passive listening

77. The role of the teacher in constructivism is—

a) Knowledge transmitter

b) Dictator

c) Facilitator and guide

d) Evaluator only

78. Which method suits constructivism?

a) Lecture method

b) Dictation

c) Project method / Discovery learning

d) Rote drills

79. “Learning is building new knowledge upon prior knowledge.” This idea belongs to—

a) Pavlov

b) Constructivism

c) Behaviourism

d) Structuralism

80. Collaborative learning in constructivism means—

a) Students learning through group work

b) Teacher-centred lecture

c) Individual memorization

d) Silent study

81. Problem-solving tasks in class encourage—

a) Passive recall

b) Critical thinking

c) Mechanical learning

d) Rote memory

82. Which is NOT a feature of constructivist classroom?

a) Student autonomy

b) Hands-on activities

c) Passive memorization

d) Interaction

83. Constructivist teaching encourages—

a) One correct answer

b) Multiple perspectives

c) Strict repetition

d) Silence

84. Which strategy aligns with constructivism?

a) Drill work

b) Lecture only

c) Inquiry-based learning

d) Dictation

85. Knowledge in constructivism is seen as—

a) Fixed and absolute

b) Constructed by learners

c) Transmitted by teacher

d) Memorized

86. Classroom discussion method supports—

a) Behaviourism

b) Constructivism

c) Conditioning

d) Rote learning

87. Experiential learning is associated with—

a) Pavlov

b) Thorndike

c) Kolb

d) Skinner

88. Which is an example of constructivist activity?

a) Copying notes

b) Silent reading

c) Role play and simulations

d) Dictation

89. A constructivist teacher values—

a) Errors as signs of failure

b) Errors as learning opportunities

c) Only correct answers

d) Only exams

90. In constructivist classrooms, assessment is—

a) One-time exam

b) Punishment

c) Continuous and process-oriented

d) Fixed grading

91. Concept mapping in constructivism helps—

a) Organize and connect knowledge

b) Rote memory

c) Dictation

d) Punishment

92. Learner-centered approach means—

a) Teacher dominates

b) Curriculum dominates

c) Learner needs guide teaching

d) Books dominate

93. Project-based learning emphasizes—

a) Real-life tasks and collaboration

b) Memorization

c) Dictation

d) Single answer

94. Discovery learning is promoted by—

a) Pavlov

b) Thorndike

c) Bruner

d) Skinner

95. Which is a constructivist technique?

a) Rote drill

b) Brainstorming

c) Dictation

d) Copying

96. Peer tutoring encourages—

a) Collaborative knowledge construction

b) Rote memory

c) Competition only

d) Punishment

97. In constructivism, curriculum is—

a) Fixed and rigid

b) Flexible and learner-centred

c) Teacher-centred

d) Exam-centred

98. Reflective journals by students help—

a) Punish them

b) Grade them

c) Promote self-assessment and learning

d) Dictation

99. Constructivist evaluation emphasizes—

a) Marks only

b) Process and product both

c) Punishment

d) Summative test only

100. The ultimate goal of constructivist teaching is—

a) Rote memorization

b) Exam success

c) Critical and independent thinking

d) Note taking